LED ni iki?

Abantu basobanukiwe nubumenyi bwibanze ko ibikoresho bya semiconductor bishobora gutanga urumuri hashize imyaka 50.Mu 1962, Nick Holonyak Jr. wo muri sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi rusange yashyizeho uburyo bwa mbere bwo gukoresha urumuri rugaragara.

LED ni amagambo ahinnye yerekana urumuri rwicyongereza rusohora diode, imiterere yibanze ni igice cyibikoresho bya electroluminescent semiconductor, bigashyirwa ku gipangu kiyobowe, hanyuma bigashyirwaho kashe ya epoxy resin hirya no hino, ni ukuvuga gufunga bikomeye, bityo birashobora kurinda insinga yimbere, LED rero ifite imikorere myiza yimitingito.

Amakuru manini ya AIOT yizera ko mu ntangiriro LED yakoreshejwe nk'isoko ryerekana urumuri rw'ibikoresho na metero, hanyuma LED nyuma y'amabara atandukanye yakoreshejwe mu matara yerekana ibimenyetso by'umuhanda no mu bice binini byerekana, bitanga inyungu nziza mu bukungu n'imibereho myiza.Fata urumuri rutukura rwa santimetero 12 nkurugero.Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, itara rirerire, ridafite ubushobozi buke bwa watt 140 yaka itara ryambere ryakoreshejwe nkisoko yumucyo, ritanga lumens 2000 yumucyo wera.Nyuma yo kunyura mumashanyarazi atukura, gutakaza urumuri ni 90%, hasigara lumens 200 gusa yumucyo utukura.Mu itara rishya ryateguwe, isosiyete ikoresha amasoko 18 yumucyo LED itukura, harimo gutakaza umuzunguruko, watt 14 zose zikoresha amashanyarazi, zishobora gutanga urumuri rumwe.Amatara yerekana ibimenyetso nabyo ni umwanya wingenzi wa LED itanga isoko.

Ihame rya LED

LED (Light Emitting Diode), nigikoresho gikomeye cya semiconductor gishobora guhindura amashanyarazi mumucyo.Umutima wa LED ni chip ya semiconductor, impera imwe ya chip ifatanye ninkunga, impera imwe ni pole mbi, naho iyindi ihujwe na pole nziza yo gutanga amashanyarazi, kuburyo chip yose iba ifunze epoxy resin.Wafer ya semiconductor igizwe n'ibice bibiri, igice kimwe ni P-semiconductor yo mu bwoko bwa P, aho imyobo yiganje, naho ubundi impera ni N-semiconductor, cyane cyane electron.

Ariko iyo ibyo bice byombi byahujwe, hakorwa “PN ihuza” hagati yabo.Iyo ikigezweho gikora kuri chip binyuze mumurongo, electron zizasunikwa mukarere ka P, aho electroni nu mwobo byongera guhurira, hanyuma bigatanga ingufu muburyo bwa fotone.Iri ni ihame ryo gusohora urumuri rwa LED.Uburebure bwumucyo nabwo ni ibara ryurumuri, rugenwa nibintu bigize "PN ihuza".